I started out as a grinder Im a universal precision grinder as well as a hardener and temperer...I did my apprenticeship, seven years, and then war broke out. After coming out of the forces...I came in with my father, in March 1947. He was a good hardener. He was a craftsman. A craftsman. He came in as a lad, worked for firms all over Sheffield...I worked with him for 16 years, until he retired...When father first started, he had a blow-driven shaft...Its all been opened up since...and rebuilt to my own design. Its all been modernised...Theres not another one like it. Its a hand-cast annealing furnace, gas-fired, and with two ovens. Its a modern method and its accurate. It takes ten minutes to heat from cold to 1,000 degrees. I can do the temping in the top two ovens from the waste heat rising from the furnace. I can work two different temperatures. Thats why Ive two clocks and two pyrometers. When youve hardened your work, youve got to temper it. Tempering steels at top, and carbon steel at bottom. Take these Army blades, Ive got 400 of them in there now, sometimes Ill have 650. I can do that many in an hour. Thats a weeks work in an hour. And theyll all be really even, really perfect. I guarantee everything Ive hardened to within ten degrees of temperature. I work at 820, 1040, sometimes at 1200. And when theyre hardened, I test them on this diamond hardness tester. 55 Rockwell, thats what I want. Just a shade harder. A shade harder....Ive got books of specifications, tell me what I need to know, its my judgement. What good is a knife if its too hard and breaks off at the neck? Its to do with knowing your steels. Knowing your mixtures. People bring me knives and I say, What is it? And they dont know what it is. Father did stainless and I did a lot of carbon steel work. Any tool man will use a carbon steel. It holds its edge better. After the war, everyone used old tram steel. Thats when the trouble started. There wasnt even carbon in it there should be a minimum of 50 per cent carbon, and they were turning it out at 46 per cent. I might be a bit of a stickler, but Ive seen that much bad workmanship turned out...Now, I work high quality spring steel youve got to buy British for the blades. Korean, Brazilian, theyre no good. I dont know if its Sheffield or German, what I use, but its good quality steel. Usually. Not always. Then I have to put it right. It was top quality when there were hand forgers. But there arent many hand forgers left...You can feel steel go in your hand and you can hear it. Its like a tingling sensation in your hand.