This'll be "sciencey" enough:
Higher hardness = more brittleness.
Lower hardness = bendier.
Bendier > brittle for the purposes of throwing.
Haha, that's pretty awesome. He does have a point, 'bendier' materials develop fractures slower.
Does not the knife torque end-over-end when thrown, followed by vibration along the axis after impact? If my terminology is incorrect, my apologies. I have no problem with being specific and thank you for the correction.
chiral.grolim, "Torque" in this case would be if you buried the tip of the knife an inch into the wood and then twisted on the handle. Similar to a shaft on a motor, it's the rotating about that primary axis that makes it torque. The side to side, or up and down motion causes bending. It's not a huge deal until you start trying to quantify it, the equations for torque are different than for bending.
(From wikipedia) "...ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched..." - Bending stresses cause stretching of the material on the outside of the bend... or is it only "ductility" if the stretch does not return to true? i don't know and would appreciate education on the matter.
That's a tricky thing to explain, most people think that if you have two identical pieces of steel, heat treat one and leave the other alone that you've changed the Young's modulus (E) of the material. E is what dictates the relationship between stress and strain (elongation), until you permanently deform the steel. But this isn't the case. So heat treating something to a super high hardness won't effect the ratio of stress to strain to cause bending, but it can move the required elongation for yielding (failure). So ductility doesn't mean a lot for materials that don't exceed the yielding strength. Its more about what happens to the material after it yields, if it is ductile it will stretch and narrow until the stress becomes enough to cause yielding (like a plastic). Whereas a brittle material just fractures and then shatters with little elongation. Most steels run up at high hardness ratings will be brittle, which is why they break cleanly. Materials at a lower hardness will not have fracture propagation as quickly as something at a higher hardness rating, as steel at lower hardness can deflect more before the cracks get bigger. (so during the oscillations steel at a lower hardness rating doesn't see any crack propagation, unlike steels at a higher hardness rating).
okay last one, before I go back to studying
"Fatigue" as described by "exceeding the maximum stress for infinite life" is very general, you might also call in "weakness". You might also postulate that throwing a knife accelerates rate of fatigue (moreso than, say, batonning) based on the stresses involved, but that would be true of ALL materials, including knives specifically designed for throwing, or you could transfer it to something like reusable projectiles, e.g baseballs or arrows - each has a theoretical fatigue limit for specific kinds and levels of stress. Heck, stairs have fatigue limits of how much impact and steady force they can bear before failure.
Fatigue isn't quite 'weakness', but you're correct on the rest. What you're missing is that once you exceed the fatigue limit, you can fail pretty quickly. So for stairs, you have to build them in such a way that they survive more than 10^6 cycles, which is a lifetime or more of walking. The same thing goes for baseballs, or the transmission in your car, etc. The problem with throwing the knives is you can have those oscillations happen very quickly, loading the knife several times a throw, so that 200 throws is 10^3 cycles and if you double the fatigue limit stress each throw, then 10^3 cycles would always cause failure. (these are over the top assumptions) So ESEE designs their knives to withstand an infinite number of batonnings, but not an infinite number of side to side oscillations. Idk if they actually take that into account, but the side to side vibrations are most likely the cause of these failures.
Hope that helps.
~Robert