Bear bells and bad singing are probably your best defense....or offense I should say.
Depending on what song you choose to sing - it may well ward off any living creature from approaching you!
All joking aside - I did a 20-mile backpacking trip on remote Vancouver Island in fall '16. I felt pretty vulnerable the whole time, since I was not allowed any firearms/sidearms, nor could I have any fires in the park where I was camping. I didn't see another soul for the duration of my trek through the woods. I did have a can of Bear Spray and some jingle bells on my pack.
After I had accomplished my goal (a day early) and was calculating the route back to my truck to see if I would have enough time to make it back before dark. Within 5 minutes of deciding to pack up camp, I heard a pack of wolves (assumably with a fresh kill) whooping and hollering something evil - not even 1/4 mile west from my location. This helped to reaffirm my decision to head out. After packing-up, I took one last stroll around the beautiful (Arnica) lake that I had called home for the last 2 nights. It was then that I spotted a black bear across the lake from me. He was just walking the water's edge, and seemed uninterested in me. I made a racket and started singing Eddie Money's "Two Tickets to Paradise" - this seemed to do the trick as he looked in my direction before clambering back up into the woods and out of sight from me.
This made the journey back down the mountain pretty exciting - I kept looking over my shoulder, or expecting that bear to bust out of the woods in front of me. Not of that happened, luckily, but it did keep me alert and helped remind me not to take nature for granted. I was hiking in THEIR backyard and trespassing on THEIR property.