Quenching Oil Question

Wow, great post Kevin. The whole thing I mean, not just the little tidbit above. You really know your stuff. You're a great writer too. Grad school? I believe it is completely true that the three most important things are all the heat treatment. Go to Ebay and search "Thita". The guy makes beautiful knives. Absolutely gorgeous. And I used to wonder why they were so cheap ($400 is cheap for a knife that beautiful). But I emailed him today, and he told me that they are HEAT blued. So the blade is probably RC50. At that point, it became a $400 paperweight. Art is one thing, but the whole point of a knife is to CUT STUFF! If it doesn't function, it isn't a good knife! If you want to heat blue damascus, it should be a bolster. But how do people color damascus without losing the temper?

Give me some thoughts on this. I thought about heat coloring a mosaic damascus blade, and then re-treating the edge. After it is colored, I would immerse the spine in water with just the edge showing above the water. Then with a torch, heat the edge up to orange, quench it, and then temper at 400 degree for two hours three times. How does that sound? Other than that, I've also found a way to color damascus without using heat, but other guys are much better at it (my colors are dull). Any tips on chemical coloring? Great post(s) Kevin!

Also, I would like to mention that I understand where Thai is coming from. Even if it is RC50, it still cuts through an apple. But what if you want to use it as an everyday knife? After opening a couple of boxes or whittling a little, the blade becomes dull. At the same time, if you will never cut anything harder than an apple, or nothing at all, then I suppose it really doesn't matter. So the heat treatment of a blade matters only if it matters, if you know what I mean. I LOVE KNIVES!

God Bless,
Richard

Grad school? While I hate to disappoint I have always been rather proud of my limited higher education, I guess I have encountered too many educated idiots in my life to put too much stock in letters following ones name. My grandfather was perhaps the sharpest and most talented man I ever knew and he never made it past the 6th grade. Although I really appreciate the votes of confidence from the folks here, gurus or authorities often claim to possess exclusive information of their own, while I can only claim to have read too many metallurgy texts and applied that information gathered by real experts to my own work. All I really do is let you know what is in any of those books if you haven’t got around to reading them yourself yet.

Heat bluing is a touchy topic if one doesn’t have all the facts of the particular blade. If the steels are the right alloys and the bluing salts are capable of low enough temperatures then you may come out all right. However if the maker is not keenly aware of these issues then the results could be disastrous for overall hardness. Many that I have talked to when I noticed treatment on a knife had no qualms about sacrificing hardness for the look they wanted since they sort of saw the knife as male jewelry than a tool. I cannot force the standards for my knives on other people but this is a concept that would be unfathomable in my shop. If I had to do it, I would carefully choose my alloys to handle higher tempering heats and find the lowest temp I could get away with on the hot salts. If you have the ability to do proper soaks and nail the heat treatment many hypereutectoid alloys can go as high as 550F and still be 58HRC, however I would never expect to achieve this if working with a forge or torch for heat treating. However I would have no way of knowing what the final results are in the gentleman’s knives that you mention without firsthand knowledge of his materials and processes.

Tai does have some valid points about edge geometry and their power to make or break a knife for its intended task. A knife made for fine slicing that has a very obtuse edge and heavy secondary shoulders on the edge will never perform its task up to par no matter how fantastic the heat treatment, but if the heat treatment is there one can always reshape that edge and be back in business, not so if the heat treat is off. I also agree with Tai that there is no best way to make knives as I believe each tool should be designed specifically for its intended purpose, thus precluding the very notion of one best knife. Instead we have numerous possible combinations of heat treatments, geometries and edge types all geared to different tasks. Using the exact same formula for a machete that you would for a skinning knife is going to result in a lousy tool.

I hope I wasn't disrespectful to you in any way Kevin, or any of you all for that matter....
.... So how about that half-ass, edge-whacking hardness test, or should I just go bang my head on a tree?

Not at all, some of the best questions asked in this thread were yours. I like it when people sincerely ask me to verify my claims, it keep me on my toes and grounded in sound facts. As for your tests, perhaps one hot topic at a time, I am even more opinionated about testing than I am about quenching, and it invariably gets very complicated.
 
Okay, you're not a guru...

That explains why you never answer any of my questions.

Nathan: Q: I'm getting this weird failure on carbide lathe tools which starts out as a crater *behind* the cutting edge. What's up with that?

Kevin: A: Some steels, such as O1, require a good long soak at austenitizing temperatures to get all that carbon in solution. Otherwise it may "pass" a file "test", but it won't hold an edge as well.


Nathan: Q: How do you drill holes in a work piece that intersect deep inside the work piece without developing a burr in an impossible to deburr area?

Kevin: A: It is possible to straighten a warping blade during HT by pulling it out of the oil around 500 deg and tweaking it straight before all the martensite forms. If you're "under the nose" you have a surprising amount of time to finish your quench during the second half of it.


Nathan: Q: I picked up an aluminum jig plate off the mill table and found ugly corrosion on the iron table. I'm using a rust inhibitor coolant. What went wrong?

Kevin: A: In fact, slowing your quench towards the end (pulling it out of the oil) allows the martensite transformation to catch up everywhere in the blade and permits some of the heat in the spine to auto temper the edge a bit. The reduced stress and auto tempering effect can make a finished blade that is tougher than it would have been in a "normal" quench.


...weird dude...
 
I think maybe some of you misunderstand what I'm saying... Heat treating is very important because it supports the geometry. However, geometry also effects the heating and cooling rates. Heat treating is important but not the most important and not everything. Putting heat treating first seems rather silly to me...

I don't believe in a perfect quenching medium. If there were a perfect quenching medium it would be one that could adjust and modulate it's cooling rate instantaneously to match the geometry or different geometries of any given blade or any type of steel... So far nothing like that exists and probably never will...

The problem I have with the scientific approach is that it tends to oversimplify the art and explain it in terms of "ideals" to make it easier to understand,... but doesn't always fit the reality of it. Bladesmithing is not a science. However, if the science is kept in perspective it can be very helpful.

I've said this before and I'll say it again, trying to explain the art of bladesmithing with conventional metallurgy, is like trying to explain bee flight with conventional aerodynamics. It just simply isn't that simple and if the ideals don't really fit they can actually be misleading, misinterpreted and misapplied,... which may often result in a less than optimum blade.

Aerodynamics of bee flight:
http://www.ftexploring.com/askdrg/askdrgalapagos.html
 
Okay, you're not a guru...

That explains why you never answer any of my questions.

Nathan: Q: I'm getting this weird failure on carbide lathe tools which starts out as a crater *behind* the cutting edge. What's up with that?

Kevin: A: Some steels, such as O1, require a good long soak at austenitizing temperatures to get all that carbon in solution. Otherwise it may "pass" a file "test", but it won't hold an edge as well.


Nathan: Q: How do you drill holes in a work piece that intersect deep inside the work piece without developing a burr in an impossible to deburr area?

Kevin: A: It is possible to straighten a warping blade during HT by pulling it out of the oil around 500 deg and tweaking it straight before all the martensite forms. If you're "under the nose" you have a surprising amount of time to finish your quench during the second half of it.


Nathan: Q: I picked up an aluminum jig plate off the mill table and found ugly corrosion on the iron table. I'm using a rust inhibitor coolant. What went wrong?

Kevin: A: In fact, slowing your quench towards the end (pulling it out of the oil) allows the martensite transformation to catch up everywhere in the blade and permits some of the heat in the spine to auto temper the edge a bit. The reduced stress and auto tempering effect can make a finished blade that is tougher than it would have been in a "normal" quench.


...weird dude...

Nathan, Nathan, Nathan...This is the time for all of America to get used to those type of answers:D Didn't you watch T.V. last night? Do you own a T.V. at this time? If I am sidestepping and dodging simple questions in order to give prepackaged talking points for my response, I may just be joining in the spirit of the season.

By the way, did you know that my opponent Tai Goo voted 26 times to take social security away from seniors?? Did you also know that Tai Goo, in order to give tax breaks to his wealthy buddies in big oil will throw thousands of crippled children into the street, and then personally drive over them with a gas guzzler that under my administration would get 45 mpg or run on water? When elected I promise to put a bucket of quench oil in the hands of every bladesmith in America, while all Tai Goo promises is more of the same policies that caused all of our problems!

Now what was you question again Nathan?;)
 
:D:jerkit::D

Now thats funny and all so sadly true of some aspects of life.

Here I think we actually have 2 people who truely care about the craft. I personnaly am a true believer in the science of getting the most out of my steels edge and will be using Parks 50 on all my fast steel. I also see Tai's points and views. So much of what he does is outside the box. Some of what many of us do is not in the box. In a lot of way Tai is the scientist he detests. He does experiments and observes the results. No steel company makes damascus. I am sure no company imagined their steel taking the shape of his blades.

Kevin, please keep giving us facts on what happens when you do things with the properties of steel

Tai please give us some thoughts on your approach to creating one of your knives.

I think you both like the debate more than anything else.
 
In a lot of way Tai is the scientist he detests.

LOL! I was hoping no one would pick up on that! :D

Tai please give us some thoughts on your approach to creating one of your knives.

I try to take as many of the variables and considerations into mind as I can, in terms of the overall design and performance, and reach a reasonable balance, for any given knife or knife concept. There are so many considerations that really have more to do with making the knife a pleasure to use, than they do with pure science or formal logic. Like I said, I’m making knives for “people“. I try to look at it from as many angles as my mind can grasp,... Including cultural and historical, and then just throw the book out and go for it! At that point, I fall back on instinct, intuition, skill and experience, and try to go with the flow rather than against it. It really can be a lot of fun. :)
 
and then just throw the book out and go for it! At that point, I fall back on instinct, intuition, skill and experience, and try to go with the flow rather than against it. It really can be a lot of fun.

For those of use who are reading this thread that have as little (or even less, if that's possible) experience as I do, I would like to point out something in this post:

The words SKILL and EXPERIENCE!!!

These are things that no amount of lurking online, reading metallurgy texts, or asking questions from a neutral position can give you. In order to build these qualities it is necessary that we actually heat up the forge, hit the metal, and see what happens!

Now I'm as guilty as the next guy in terms of trying to learn as much as humanly possible before I make mistakes I could have easily avoided with a little education, but I just wanted to highlight the fact that many of the opinions being shared on this thread come from long years of hard earned experience, and while we, as beginners can certainly learn a great deal from that experience, we will not have any of our own if we don't go out and get it!

To that end, I'm headed back out to my shop!
 
By the way, did you know that my opponent Tai Goo voted 26 times to take social security away from seniors?? Did you also know that Tai Goo, in order to give tax breaks to his wealthy buddies in big oil will throw thousands of crippled children into the street, and then personally drive over them with a gas guzzler that under my administration would get 45 mpg or run on water? When elected I promise to put a bucket of quench oil in the hands of every bladesmith in America, while all Tai Goo promises is more of the same policies that caused all of our problems!

I don’t know Kevin,… I think Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd would have been a better analogy...

Eh? What’s up Doc?
elme-fudd.jpg

I’m over here,… No, now I’m over here,… No, now I’m over here,… munch, munch, munch.
 
Last edited:
Kevin , I think the heat bluing that Richie refered to was not using bluing salts, but heating the blade with a flame untill it turns blue !!! That was why Richie was concerned about the loss of temper.??...:o
 
Back
Top