One of the prisoners got scratched but it was from a piece of bloody broken bone and they killed him before he got sick. I just remember Morgan asking Rick if he'd been bitten or scratched so I'm just going off that that maybe this was something they figured out while Rick was in a coma. But why would the virus from a walker cause an infection and loping off a leg not? The living already have that virus inside them so an open wound would have the virus in it regardless. There has to be something about that virus coming from the dead. Special incubation events needed for it to really bloom? Could the lack of oxegenated blood really piss it off and cause it to mutate into something that it isn't when it's inside of the living? Lots of unknowns to write off anything.
Yea I was thinking about the prison scene. Thats why I was thinking they killed those scratched just as a precaution to keep out of harms way.
The leg amputation was because he was bite. They did it to keep it from getting to his core. Antibiotics were to keep it from being infected from bacteria/inflammation.
But yea something has to be different about the virus while in a walker as opposed to the virus in a living host. Maybe its dormant.
I just read an article in Scientific American about how some cells become more active after death than they were while the person was alive.
Long story short:
The theory is that this is a result of the active cells (say Cell A's) in the body that controlled the activity of those other Cells (say Cell B's) die. Because Cell A die, it can no longer controll the activity/productivity of Cell B. Thats why Cell B become more active after death. Giving the impression of life after death.
Perhaps something of the same nature happens with this walking dead virus.