Water Quench.. Words of wisdom... :(

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hey Stuart don't worry about not reading/remembering what I said because I just retaught myself this same leason recently.

I was using w2 and 1095 when I first found out that if I kept the spine below critical I had far fewer failures the when evenly heating the blade. I usually just quench in room temperature water, could be anywhere from 50 to 80 degrees in my shop. Also the tamahagane that I brought homr from Japan and the stuff that I make seem to be less temperature sensitive than w2 or 1095.
 
I am having success with 5 seconds in forge steel heated water, and then FAST into canola. Heres two i did the other day, not finished polishing yet.

Both are nicholsons, the first one I forged (my first)
IMG_6354-1.jpg

hamon.jpg
image-20.jpg
 
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So when can we see some examples of your water quenched swords Valar God??????

Your dad is stronger than my dad ?

You have more posts than me ?

What ?

And why the aggressiveness, if you don't like the advice you don't have to take it.
Someone else might.

Perhaps, is it because I dared to poke in one of the heat treating dogmas ?

Is it the normalization ?

Normalization is not a part of proper heat treatment, period.


If you look at the comments around the forum and the Internet
you will see that some things are not right.

For example, I don't understand how can you heat treat a blade
while keeping the spine under critical temperature.

Not that I don't understand what you are talking about
but I don't understand how that can be a proper heat treat.

Because, if the spine is under critical, then how can the edge be hotter that the spine.

Yes, because you heat it more than the spine but where is the soaking time then ?

You are doing a differential heating without soaking time and you ask why there are failures ?

What are those digital ovens for then ?



It doesn't matter what kind of steel Japanese had used.

They were treating it at the temperatures appropriate for that kind of steel
and if you use appropriate temperatures for any other kind of steel
the results will be fine too.

Of course they had failures, it took them years to get it right.

My guess is that after decades, only in their last couple of years they were
producing "perfect" swords.
 
Hmmm exept for high alloyed steels all my heat treating papers show a normalizing cycle.
It relieves the stress from forging and reduces grain size.
Where are you getting your info from?

Bob
 
Metallurgy science ?

I would love to see that paper (a link to it)
where it is said that normalization is used as a part of hardening (before it).
Unless it is a paper from some knifemaker.

Because something is called "normalization" it doesn't necessary mean that it is used to bring something to normal.

EDIT: Not to mention that knifemakers are not performing even the normalization process the way it should be done.
So there is not even a proper normalization there.
END OF EDIT

The heat treatment process called "stress relieving" is also not something used before the hardening,
but as a separate process.

The grain size is achieved by heating, solely, not by cooling or by combination of heating and cooling.
Of course, heating at the proper temperature will give small grain size.
If you overheat you will get large grain size.

If you perform a proper heating, you can quench after it,
there is no need for cooling and heating again.

Stress relieving is achieved by a proper temperature and TIME.

If you heat up the forge to maximum
then dip a cold blade into it and take it out as soon as it is demagnetized
then there is no proper temperature, nor uniform heating, nor time.

If the temperature of the forge does not exceed the critical temperature
then you can hold the blade inside for hours, practically, without damage
and, again, quench after it.

It can't be more simple.
 
It can't be more simple.

And yet, Yoshindo Yoshihara (National Living Treasure) says in Leon Kapp's book that Japanese smiths lose about 40% of their blades to cracking in yaki-ire (water quench). Yoshindo says that through a lifetime of experience, he's reduced that percentage to 25% lost in water quench. Not coincidentally, Howard Clark and Jesus Hernandez lose about 25% of their blades in water quench.

I'll have to watch Yoshindo's video again, but I'm pretty sure that he normalizes before yaki-ire.
 
Valar God, I see that you have a habit of finding threads about heat treating and hijacking them with your haughty and "metallurgically idealistic" point of view. I've seen a couple of pics of your work that were OK, but it seems that you do not water harden yourself, and that you are a hobbyist working by stock removal. This further reinforces my belief that you are an armchair quarterback who has done a lot of reading but have little practical experience in the realms of which you so authoritatively speak.

When you disagree with the practical experience of MANY respected sword smiths, including Walter Sorrels, Jesus Hernandez, Howard Clark, Dave Lisch, Tom Ferry, to name a few, and indeed the methods of many of the Japanese smiths who you vaunt so highly, I begin to suspect that the error in judgement lies not with them.

You do make some valid points from a certain point of view, but your rigid and proud style does you no favors.

Have you tried water quenching, or forging a blade?
 
If you say so it has to be right! So i will bow out of this :p.

Metallurgy science ?

I would love to see that paper (a link to it)
where it is said that normalization is used as a part of hardening (before it).
Unless it is a paper from some knifemaker.

Because something is called "normalization" it doesn't necessary mean that it is used to bring something to normal.

EDIT: Not to mention that knifemakers are not performing even the normalization process the way it should be done.
So there is not even a proper normalization there.
END OF EDIT

The heat treatment process called "stress relieving" is also not something used before the hardening,
but as a separate process.

The grain size is achieved by heating, solely, not by cooling or by combination of heating and cooling.
Of course, heating at the proper temperature will give small grain size.
If you overheat you will get large grain size.

If you perform a proper heating, you can quench after it,
there is no need for cooling and heating again.

Stress relieving is achieved by a proper temperature and TIME.

If you heat up the forge to maximum
then dip a cold blade into it and take it out as soon as it is demagnetized
then there is no proper temperature, nor uniform heating, nor time.

If the temperature of the forge does not exceed the critical temperature
then you can hold the blade inside for hours, practically, without damage
and, again, quench after it.

It can't be more simple.
 
Valar God, I see that you have a habit of finding threads about heat treating and hijacking them with your haughty and "metallurgically idealistic" point of view. I've seen a couple of pics of your work that were OK, but it seems that you do not water harden yourself, and that you are a hobbyist working by stock removal. This further reinforces my belief that you are an armchair quarterback who has done a lot of reading but have little practical experience in the realms of which you so authoritatively speak.

When you disagree with the practical experience of MANY respected sword smiths, including Walter Sorrels, Jesus Hernandez, Howard Clark, Dave Lisch, Tom Ferry, to name a few, and indeed the methods of many of the Japanese smiths who you vaunt so highly, I begin to suspect that the error in judgement lies not with them.

You do make some valid points from a certain point of view, but your rigid and proud style does you no favors.

Have you tried water quenching, or forging a blade?


Hijacking ?

A bit harsh words ?

Are you hijacking this thread now ?

Yes, I do not heat treat my work myself, I can't do that with D2.
I wanted to do with W2 but I have realized that, because of my lack of proper equipment,
I wouldn't be able to do it myself and I am not satisfied with less quality
than my knowledge and skills could provide me because of my lack of equipment.
And it would be unreasonable for me to take W2 for heat treating knowing
how people perform it.
Even for D2 I had a hard time finding someone who will do it as I had requested.

You should say "Thank you" instead of what you are saying,
because you are lucky to get an advice from me, because,
in case I was doing a water quenching steel myself,
I might have been not willing to share my info with others
but keep it to myself, watching you struggle.

I like swords and I would like to see more blades, especially long ones,
here on forum, successfully hardened in water, so I am writing this.

Why do you have to keep mentioning certain names as they are ultimate bladesmiths ?

How can you take as some positive reference a work from someone who makes blades
out of mix of steel for damascus while claiming that it to be tamahagane ?
When did tamahagane ever give a damascus pattern ?
And yet, he makes his own tamahagane in homemade tatara
while neither tatara od the smelting process itself got anything to do with Japanese style.
Not only that, but he uses scrap metal as feedstock.
Even if the process of making is the same you must have a proper feedstock (only one of them is Japanese sand)
in order to claim something as tamahagane.

Further more, in the process of making folded blades,
Japanese swordsmiths had used wide range of "additives" while forging,
further improving and changing the quality of the primary steel
in which they probably affected (reduced) decarburization
while western folding process consists of mere folding and forge welding.

Not to mention oil quenching in a tube where the diameter of that tube is just enough
for the blade to fit in, which means that the blade hasn't been quenched at all
because the volume of that tube is to small for enough oil to fit in it
so that the quenching can be performed properly
because the oil is heated too high to be functional after the first few seconds.


And you keep attacking me like the water quenching failures are a consequence
of following my instructions.

Hello ?

Again, I gave you and advice.
If you don't like it (and you haven't given any reason for not liking it, like "I have tried and it doesn't work"),
(all you are doing is attacking me and my credibility while the issue is credibility of the information itself)
just move along.

My rigid style has saved me many times in life from making a mistake
which I could have made if I have listened to the expert on that certain matter.

And there isn't really any reason why I should change my opinion.



The thing about 40% failures in japanese sworsmith.
You have just confirmed what I have said.

Japanese swordsmiths didn't have digital ovens nor steel of consistent quality and composition.
They had to determine the right temperature only by color.
And there are always forging errors which can lead to quenching failures too.


And I don't know what is it with forging and normalization.
After the forging you leave the blade to cool down, right ?
You probably don't quench it.
So, isn't there already what you call a normalization ?
Why would you do it again, only then to claim that you have performed it?
(not to mention that normalization is not properly performed as you do it)


If you like my advice, you can try it, in either way it won't be the first nor the last blade you will crack.

If you don't, sometimes even a bad advice can lead to success.

But there really isn't a reason for all that aggressive attitude towards different opinion.

Looking at how thing are going, I don't expect that someone will thank me someday for this.


Unless this thread gets deleted, the heat treatment that will be a standard in near future
without "normalization", without overheated furnace and without cracked blades
(unless because of some forging error)
will be know as "Valar God's heat treatment".

Cheers.
 
Further proof of your enormous opinion of yourself. What are you, God's gift to bladesmithing? Oh wait, you ARE a god. Your attitude subsumes your technical "advice" in every way. Furthermore, your delusion of bringing anything fresh to the table is entirely misguided.

Yes, I do not heat treat my work myself, I can't do that with D2.
I wanted to do with W2 but I have realized that, because of my lack of proper equipment,
I wouldn't be able to do it myself and I am not satisfied with less quality
than my knowledge and skills could provide me because of my lack of equipment.

Put up or shut up.

My apologies Stuart, for contributing to the sorry state of this thread. I'll post no further here.
 
You should say "Thank you" instead of what you are saying,
because you are lucky to get an advice from me, because,
in case I was doing a water quenching steel myself,
I might have been not willing to share my info with others
but keep it to myself, watching you struggle.



and who are you exactly????

This thread is becoming full of fail on so many levels it borders on comedy.
 
I'm pretty sure my ASM Heat Treater's Guide describes normalizing as well as stress relieving as common industry heat treatment practices.

I think you have very little idea of what you're talking about. I also foresee a quick banning in your future, as your posts are derogatory, condescending, childish and boorish. Please continue as you have, as it will hasten the process and rid us of your insolence.

Stuart, my experiences with water were early on in my knifemaking. They might have provided me with some interesting effects (as I know that they have for you, as well!), but I just can't justify the risk. Too many pinging noises!!!

I suspect my heat treatment process is similar to Mr.Wheeler's, although he cheats and uses salts for wonderfully even temps (I'm so jealous!!!). I do a number of ever-lower temp normalizing cycles to reduce hardenability, then quench at the lower end of the austenitizing range. Park's 50, as I know we've discussed in previous threads. As you know, though, there just ain't the same there there, in comparison to some of the spectacular effects I've seen with water. I wants it, but I ain'ts willing to risk it! Besides, there's been some truly incredible results created using modern oils like Park's 50. It's tough as hell to NOT get worked up over this, though - that elusive, smokey-looking magic keeps me awake at night!
 
Metallurgy science ?

I would love to see that paper (a link to it)
where it is said that normalization is used as a part of hardening (before it).
Unless it is a paper from some knifemaker


O.k.
http://www.feine-klingen.de/PDFs/verhoeven.pdf
It should be noted the young man in question has other papers/books published in peer reviewed journals, this is a mere reflection of his dissertation. He is not a Bladesmith/knifemaker by any stretch, but simply a metallurgist who reckonized the rising amount of questions he received by regional smiths about such things.
 
O.k.
http://www.feine-klingen.de/PDFs/verhoeven.pdf
It should be noted the young man in question has other papers/books published in peer reviewed journals, this is a mere reflection of his dissertation. He is not a Bladesmith/knifemaker by any stretch, but simply a metallurgist who reckonized the rising amount of questions he received by regional smiths about such things.


I thank you for your link and proving me right.

I have run through that paper and I wasn't able to find any data of what I have asked for.

Could you, please, quote or point me out to the page where normalization
is described as a process that PRECEDES hardening.
The paper tells that normalization exists, which I haven't denied,
but exists as a SEPARATE process.


For the rest of the comments, which are mild insults and trolling
I am not gonna answer any more.
I don't care of what someone is pretty sure (to be pretty sure =/= to know)
or in what he believes or if something is described as
a common industry heat treatment practice (yes, as a separate process)
when the question was if it IS used BEFORE the hardening.

People obviously don't read or don't understand what is being written.

I know that many will be stubbornly against what I said (at least publicly)
and I don't really care about them.
I have learned and still learn a lot of things on this and other forums
and I feel obligated to give something back.
There are other people that will accept all of this
and some already have.


I can't believe how many foolish claims I have made so far
but no one was able to give one valid argument against them
and yet the thread is full of posts.

Cheers and I wish you luck with the new heat treatment process.
 
Congratulations! You've once again proven that attempting intelligent discourse in the BladeForums Knifemaker's area is impossible.
 
Hijacking ?


You should say "Thank you" instead of what you are saying,
because you are lucky to get an advice from me, because,
in case I was doing a water quenching steel myself,
I might have been not willing to share my info with others
but keep it to myself, watching you struggle.

First of all, I am a horrible smith. I have never forged a blade in my life. However, neither have you, so it seems to be a pretty even playing field.
This is a rant that I have wanted to have for a long time. What if it is OK that we don't use the same steels, techniques, equipment or styles of the Japanese? What if they did what they could with what they had but would be able to turn out much better work with the modern advances that we have? They were stuck with water because that the was the only thing they had that was fast enough. We have oils now that are, if not as fast as water, are at least darn close, and have a much lower blade cracking rate. (parks 50). We have steels that have all the carbon and other alloys that they needed to add, and we have already in solution. We have access to metallurgical labs like that of Kevin Cashen, which are able to, instead of relying on hope, knowledge and testing for a good blade, see what doing specific things in the heat and the quench do to the steel. They give us the chance to take what we are doing to a new level and to optimize it for different tasks. Now, there might be some things that are taken as gospel now that are pure bull hockey, but we can't get sucked into the trap that everything Japanese is better. They were excellent smiths, and we can learn from them, but if they were the best in the world and for the rest of time, then why doesn't everyone prefer a Japanese anvil and Japanese hammers and Japanese forges and Japanese grinding methods? 2000 years ago, people were still fighting with swords and armies were composed of hundreds of thousands of men. Now, armies can be much smaller and fight with more advanced weaponry. Are the massive gore fests and the swords better becuase they worked really well back then? is the trebuchet better for knocking down buildings than a tank or an electric rail gun because it is older? Change happens. We are in an age where things are more forgiving. We have steels that can be quenched in pretty much everything because they are built to harden easily. 1084 will not reach full potential quenched in canola, motor oil or that oil-you-found-in-the-back-of-your-garage, but it will get hard and will work to a point. We need to keep an open mind to new things that come along that are designed to make our lives easier. I have faced this in my role as tech support for my family and it has been very interesting to see a prejudice to things that cost money. many older people have a real aversion to things that are free because they think that there must be a catch. often times, there is, but, in some cases, you are just handicapping yourself. OK, rant off. This is something I have mulled over for a long time and this seems like just the place to do it.

Just as a note, your post are going to have to change drastically to make you sound serious. I don't mean this to sound uppity, but I spend a LOT of time on the internet and this smells like a troll.
 
After rereading the last few posts, I'm still not sure what the contention was. I think it was normalization, use of magnets for judging critical temperature, and putting room temperature swords into forges heated too high cause cracking when using water for quenching. If you do everything right, like the Japanese smiths did/do (even thought they still have a pretty high failure rate assuming the 25% is accurate), you shouldn't have a problem with water? Assuming these were it, then perhaps Valor God will explain how each causes cracking?

I won't argue that what some bladesmiths use as a normalizing cycle does not match the textbook definition. However, normalizing is not part of hardening per say, but a preparation for it. It is documented in 2 papers I've read that were patent applications. A textbook normalization of hypereutectoid plain and low alloy carbon steel disolves all the carbides and provides a more uniform, if somewhat larger, grain size and microstructure. Both are important, especially when you consider just how ruinous uncontrolled carbides can be.

The part about cold swords into maximized forges is odd. It presumes knowledge of how the smiths in this thread, or anywhere else that are having trouble with water quenches, are doing their hardening, which is impossible to get unless one is present. Anybody have any observers with Serbian accents in their shops when water quenched blades went ping? In any case, room temperature to 1400+ degrees (not maxed out for most forges) is still quite drastic. Over heating will cause cracking/warping problems, no one would dispute that. Eyeballing the decalecense(sp) is much more likely to over heat than a magnet, and for quite a few steels, nailing the slightly above 1400 degree nonmagnetic temperature will result in underheating/underhardening, which I wouldn't expect to cause too many problems with cracking, though I've been surprised before. (Jebus that was a long sentence).

If this covers it, great. If that's not what was in question, I'm sure I'm not the only one that missed it.
 
I'd suggest not getting into a "discussion" with Valar God. This conversation has, for the most part, been had over in the sword forum....

EDIT.. I don't want to get involved with this guy. He has an agenda that is part trolling, part narcissism and all arrogance. He makes so many ludicrous statements that I'm sure no one is taking him seriously....

Anyway Mr. God... Not everything you say is wrong but enough already. Instead of preaching from a place of theory, try learning from those that "Do".
 
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In the article in the book, "The Spirit of the Sword", there's a description and a great photo of a sword being heated for yaki ire. He puts it in the coals spine down to heat the blade without over heating the edge and when it gets close, he flips it over to bring the edge up to temperature while keeping the spine cooler.
There's a great photo showing the colour difference. I'll try to find it or take a pic of it from my book.

This was a big light bulb for me. I want to try to figure out a propane fueled "forge" that mimics the coals of the charcoal fire. Kind of like a gas barbeque supercharged... not sure it can be done though without using a ton of propane.
 
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