BCMW's ht chopping impact tests

Chris "Anagarika";15933247 said:
...
I think people might start to get impatient, when is production date is. :confused:
...

:)
I wasn't going to say that, but I was thinking that :)
Glad to see BC will know what direction to take, though. Knowledge is power, or at least makes for better product!
 
Dewar is full :)

Correct use of cryo can help, or else could hurt ht quality & performance.

When 2+rc gained after a cryo + a snap temper, a curious person could wonder 'why' and 'was anything broke in the aust to mart conversion using -300F thermal contraction'?
 
Sadly spent Saturday morning with work but got a fun ht afternoon. Used applied ht1 & ht2 formulas adapted from low Cr steels ht formula.

1 Aebl ht1: 60rc AQ = failed.

1 3V ht1: 65.5rc (AQ & 275F) - good edge stability & feel sticky sharp after 80grit belt. Plan to temper this hardness down to 64rc before baton 16D16(0.16" dia) nail.

1 3V ht2: 60rc AQ = failed.

1 D2 ht1: 67RC (not a typo) AQ; 65.5-66rc 275F. Survived baton African Blackwood. Lost 1" tip when baton 16d16 nail. Will temper down to 64rc then baton 16d16 nail.

1 D2 ht2: 64rc AQ & 275F. Very high edge stability. Edge(13dps) damaged up to 0.022" cross section when baton 16d16 nail. <== :thumbup:ht formula Whittled steel rod -> got carbide serrated edge. Didn't see any sign of large carbide fracture.

All these blades have sub 15dps edge and BET between 0.015 to 0.025".

I see possibilities of chopper blade using aebl/d2. While 3V is given but why using it when aebl or D2 could be as good... LOL, of course, I will make a few chopping blades to test this projection/conjecture. btw - I already made 10+ paring blades in aebl with hrc 63-65, so it needs just a little ht mod.

edit: looked at D2 ht2 under 400x metallurgical scope - scanned 2" long strip near bevel shoulder. Just eyeballing (lost my laptop, didn't setup another computer yet)- found 1 broken up carbide about 10um. Next largest about 3-4um. Look like I need to complete break up & distribute any remaining large carbides larger than 1um <= would be ideal but won't be easy.

edit2: under 400x magnication - D2 ht1 look like D2 ht2 as it should - hahaha. 3V ht1 - carbide in 2-3um range, didn't see any large carbide w/i 0.25" scanned. W2 65rc largest carbide I found is around 500nm, most are barely and not visible. it need nital etch (I might do that) before seeing the rest of carbide & possibly grain boundaries.
 
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Cut & chop through African Blackwood & other material tests.

0.05" thick D2 64rc, 0.015" BET, 15dps
0.05" thick 3V 64rc, 0.015" BET, 15dps
0.325" thick W2 65rc jest bolo, 0.016" BET, 15dps

Thanks for watching(12 minutes video) & comments.

https://youtu.be/-s_IVs7nyH4
 
Ht & tested 4 blades

aebl: 62rc AQ, 60rc 350F = failed.

3v: 65rc AQ, 61.5rc 350F = good hardness drop-off curve. Will destruction test it later. Next ht will target for working 63-64rc.

2x D2: 67rc AQ, 64rc 400F = similar behavior as previous D2 ht1. Passed baton African Blackwood at std edge geometry. Next ht target will target for 64rc at 350F.

400x magnification (actually 40x len + 25x eye but optical is 400x) for D2 & 3V look great.
 
I just want to review briefly:

2 Knives
W2 0.125" thick, 65rc & 67rc
0.01" behind edge thick
Sharpened 30 degrees inclusive bevel

Notes:
1) Baton through Burly African Blackwood: 67rc chipped to 0.04" thick cross section. 65rc chipped to 0.02" thick cross section.
2) fixed 65rc blade 0.02" BET and 16dps. Battoned 10+ times to that piece of African Blackwood - no edge damage.


...a phonebook slicing 15dps edge experienced extremely high psi when chop Gaboon Ebony or Cumaru. The edge would deform if hrc is below 62rc and chip/fracture if higher hardness (when using std ht). There was certainly some lateral force involved with deflected chops, therefore strength & toughness are needed to support/withstand this type of chopping.
...
I speculate, apex of 3V/PD1 62rc phone slicing 0.01" BET; 15dps edge would deform or chip under this type of impact. 60rc Infi at similar edge geometry would dent badly...

I've tested impact limits for quite a few higher alloyed steels (zwear; 10v; aebl; elmax; d2; ...). When facing high impact into hard material (i.e. high psi), edge geometry below 18dps and with matrix hardness less than 63rc, apex would suffers fracture and or deformation.

I just shot this video of 63-64rc CPM-4V blade going through similar tests as 65 & 67rc W2 blades.

Finding the limits of a 63-64rc CPM-4V blade
0.150" spine, 0.015" & 0.013" behind edge thick
15dps with 20dps micro bevel

Note on 20dps micro bevel: if cutting bevel is at 15dps (which is 2.57 times weaker than 20dps). Failure starts too early and became stress risers, in turn break the blade too early. I've quite a few high carbide volume bladesbroken at sub 17dps cutting bevel.

Cut & chop through African Blackwood & other material tests.

0.05" thick D2 64rc, 0.015" BET, 15dps
0.05" thick 3V 64rc, 0.015" BET, 15dps
0.325" thick W2 65rc jest bolo, 0.016" BET, 15dps

Pause here. Luong, do you happen to know the carbide volume of your steels during testing? You mentioned that high-carbide blades break (edge chipping) sub 17-dps apex angle, hence the 20-dps micro on the 4V blades. But aren't 4V and D2 in the same range of carbide volume, 12-15% ? In your most recent video, the 63-64Rc D2 blade performed fine with no micro-bevel in the same tests as the 63-64Rc 4V blades. 3V is in the 3-5% range for total carbide volume...
When you ground the 4V blade down from 0.015 to 0.013 and got a failure, or ground the 65Rc W2 blade back from failing 0.010 to a more durable 0.018, you seem to have established that it is edge thickness rather than angle or steel type that determines durability at a given hardness. As you noted in a previous post: http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/s...chopping-impact-tests?p=15933876#post15933876

a) low/no impacts: kitchen (0.004-0.010" BET, 7-13dps), twisty/whittle (0.10-0.015", 13-20dps depend on material hardness & steering)
b) moderate impacts: kitchen (chopping & bone contacts) & outdoor (0.010-0.020", 15-20dps or 15dps/20dps micro)

This geometry stands out as supreme. I look forward to seeing your result with softer HT, looking for blunting. When you mention that recent blades with AEB-L and 3V at 60Rc "= failed", does that mean they couldn't be used or they chipped/fractured readily in testing?

Thank you again for this thread :thumbup:
 
Chiral - nice big picture scrutiny! :thumbup:

Complicated physics involves when batoning through AB. Keep that in mind because I states/posted based on a lot AB batoned. For same setup as D2 & 3V, 65rc W2 0.012" BET 15dps passed the AB baton test <= that's why I didn't hesitate chop through AB with 65rc W2 JB with 0.016" BET.

4V (and along with a bunch of others high alloy steels) hted while ago (iirc ~6 months ago with older ht formula). These are good but sub 17dps edge bevel won't support baton AB. Last week hted D2 & 3V using adapted(from ht low Cr steels) formula - yielded higher toughness and much finer carbide. I guess *as shown* D2 CV probably around 12-13% (didn't spot any MC>10um yet), while 4V CV is around 11%. Avg(based on mass) of 4V carbide dia ~3um compare to my eyeballed D2 carbide dia below 1.5um. Which make this D2 much tougher than normal. I am trying to get D2 carbide goes submicron dia, at that point my D2 will not be too far behind W2 in strength & toughness, higher CV is holding it back.

aebl 62rc/aq, 60rc/tempered failed because it failed to tap through a 16d(.16" dia) nail with 0.025" BET & 20dps. Failure mode = combination of dent & fractured with shape a little larger than the nail shaft. I know why. I will ht another aebl this afternoon - piggy back on ht-ing a larger D2 blade. I want to chop test with a 4+" 64rc D2 blade.
 
Just hookup the microscope to an old laptop - to be calibrate.

White blobs/dots are carbides. 4V carbides are clearly visible sizes between 2-6um. At this resolution, camera dropped probably half of D2 submicron carbides.

YRnUQmg.jpg
 
Not giving up on me yet eh :D ... Thanks, Chris!

Chris "Anagarika";15949772 said:
Luong, still watching and following the progress. Looks like the knitting HT is taking shape nicely.
Thank you for sharing!

Ht today

aebl - 63rc @325F = much better... will do baton AB test.
d2 - 67rc @325F = similar to previous, except slight changed in 2ht params.

edit to add:

tested 0.125" thick 65rc 5" blade D2 0.015" BET, 14dps. Got a few micro(need loupe to see) chips after baton AB. I took a small risk of big chips at 65rc but not bad outcome in spite chopping around with this full tang d2 blade. I will temper this blade down to 64rc.

Looked at W2 65rc 0.012" BET after Baton AB under 22x loupe - there is 2 micro chips (1/2 size of 65rc d2) and micro rippling along apex. Well, I sharpened that edge to 5K grit, so yeah apex radius was too thin.
 
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20160405, my ht wandered back to how a normal ht D2 behaves at 63rc. hardness 66rc aq, 63rc 400F.

ZUtMQ1k.jpg


edit to add: Need more D2 in .110; .130 and .156" thick - ordered 5 bars. Next, I will ht some .110 and 0.05" thick D2. Save .187 x 2.5 bar for jest bolo and chopper.
 
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Just a quick perspective on edge geometry 0.015" BET & 15dps 2-5K grit finished. Baton African Blackwood (AB) is a much hard edge stability test than whittling 16D (.162" dia common bright) nail. Which mean, this edge is very stable for 99+% of normal cutting & light chopping usage.

I will gradually lowering both BET & dps of 64rc D2 5K grit finished via pass/fail whittle Australian Buloke (harder than Lignum Vitae). Hopefully threshold geometry around 0.009" BET & 9dps.

Thoughts/guesses?
 
0.05" thick 64rc D2

0.005" BET 5dps: passed whittle dried red oak. failed buloke.

0.008" BET 8dps: passed whittle Buloke & Amboyna Burl (crazy interlocked/twisty grain).

0.010" BET 10dps & 12dps: Edge micro chips after hard whittled dried beef rib bone.

0.010" BET 15dps: Edge very small micro chips & ripple (probably 1-2um range) after hard whittled dried beef rib bone. In contrast W2 65rc 0.012" BET, 12dps has visible rippled edge. So W2 edge doesn't has enough steel to withstand lateral whittle-out action. While D2 at 15dps is near the cusp of has enough strength to withstand whittle bone. Maybe 17-18 dps D2 will has tiny wire ripple.
 
Very interesting "WIP" :)
I'm on "the edge" of my seat :)
I have to confess, although I think the rigorous testing will lead to a robust product (JEST bolo!!), I keep thinking that BCMW knives always break ;) [but only because you push them to the brink and beyond to see where the brink is!)
 
OK, another quick one:

Luong, why not keep every edge at 15dps/20micro when even the 65Rc W2 (with what, 2% carbide amidst the matrix?) ripples/chips in the tests that may simulate actual use by future customers? What i am seeing in your results is that it doesn't matter how much or how little carbide you have in the apex steel, it's going to suffer below that geometry either by fold or fracture. So why mess with the geometry of the very apex when you already have a good idea of the threshold of sustainability, and beyond that threshold it can be very difficult to control the user-applied forces and responses in the cutting medium - the scale is just so small and the forces so high. Not to mention that increasing the apex angle from 10-dps to 15-dps reduces your mechanical advantage minimally (from 23% of optimum to 14% in just the very very tip of the cutting) while increasing your edge-strength 3.5X ? (I think i did the math right)

Feed the apex what it needs to survive, to sustain itself. If you don't see damage at 67Rc at 10-dps after a few hits, does that mean you won't see damage after 100 hits? Each hit is unique, each has the potential to induce failure if you are riding so close to the threshold of structural integrity. If you build your knives with too thin of edge geometry, it may survive the test this time but not next time, or may fail in this way this time but a different way next time, it is becoming too hard to reasonably control the variables. When we build a structure, we calculate the expected loads and then overbuild to sustain the structure above and beyond what is expected.

Setting your apex geometry to 15/20micro should get rid of damage in the edge-bevel (micro-chips and rolls/ripples), if your observations hitherto may be relied upon. If you have a problem within the edge-bevel at that geometry, you know that something is wrong.
Then simply modify the BET for each blade as you have been doing - 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020 - to provide the required strength in the primary of the blade to prevent massive "moon-chips". An edge that dulls can be resharpened. But a primary that fractures = unusable blade. Your knives, regardless of HT, will dull with use, so just give them an apex that can reduce major failure (including crack-nucleation) and work instead on the HT that allows the thinnest primary for maximum efficiency.

I know you know all this. But I want you to simplify to get your R&D into production more quickly :)
 
I have to agree with Chiral ... Controlling one aspect will give a more meaningful reading.
His last paragraph about keeping the apex constant while changing the BET will also help us following the progress.

I also know that you know this already & keeping track of the test database on your records. It's just that we're anxious with the launch date:p.
 
Thanks. Gotta do scout missions, confidence powered integrity ;)
Very interesting "WIP" :)
I'm on "the edge" of my seat :)
I have to confess, although I think the rigorous testing will lead to a robust product (JEST bolo!!), I keep thinking that BCMW knives always break ;) [but only because you push them to the brink and beyond to see where the brink is!)
 
Your highly analytical reasonings are well appreciated. I agree that geometry (volume) is cubic while ht improvement is more/less linear, so hold dpses fixed while varying BET is easier to correlate and track. My tests varied both variables to keep geometry as cubic for both lateral & perpendicular. Amplified forces to see differences over time, even though high variance in small samples set. Yeah, data does somewhat look like a tangle mess & cost a whole lot too :D

Posted & private data are triangulating/confirming my theories (call them conjectures if you like) on microstructure. Now, I am confidence that my macro+micro+nano hardness/strength assertion is accurate. Also observed 2nd & 3rd attributes (non-disclose) contributed to matrix coherence and its impact load. 4th is to delineate between toughness and ductility. 5th is mode of ductility can increase&decrease impact load and gross increase in working apex radius, especially when edge steering involved.

The half moon-chipped D2 is a clear example of macro hard (high dislocation) but micro&nano wimp. Steered & pileup/plastic-work-hardened doom it. This blade, even lowered to 60rc, it will get softer and will still be half-moon chippy. Maybe a 56rc sort of stabilize it - albeit a hefty wide working apex.

While my other 64rc, once lowered to 60-62rc it will be less strong but gained toughness. My projection is that they won't get degrade into undesirable ductility until sub 59rc. As I posted about homogeneous microstructure... this 56rc would far stronger & tougher than the half-moon ugly D2 cousin.

I think a user could easily tell the differences between(a working BET/dps near sub micron apex radius) 0.01"/10 vs 0.015/15 vs 0.02/20 vs 0.03+/20 for EDC and works.

My current test plan is primarily with D2. 4x 3.5" blades -> 2x 4-5" 64-65rc blades -> 2x 5-7" 63rc bowie .156" thick -> 1x 62-63rc JB .187" thick. LOL - took me about 2 yrs to see some daylight on a D2 chopper :p

After that applied new knowledge to ht low Cr steels (W2/52100/etc.) - make some test blades. As a bonus, hopefully resolve inconsistency microstructure for stock thicker than 0.140".

Launch BCMW.

Chris "Anagarika";15957014 said:
I have to agree with Chiral ... Controlling one aspect will give a more meaningful reading.
His last paragraph about keeping the apex constant while changing the BET will also help us following the progress.

I also know that you know this already & keeping track of the test database on your records. It's just that we're anxious with the launch date:p.

OK, another quick one:

Luong, why not keep every edge at 15dps/20micro when even the 65Rc W2 (with what, 2% carbide amidst the matrix?) ripples/chips in the tests that may simulate actual use by future customers? What i am seeing in your results is that it doesn't matter how much or how little carbide you have in the apex steel, it's going to suffer below that geometry either by fold or fracture. So why mess with the geometry of the very apex when you already have a good idea of the threshold of sustainability, and beyond that threshold it can be very difficult to control the user-applied forces and responses in the cutting medium - the scale is just so small and the forces so high. Not to mention that increasing the apex angle from 10-dps to 15-dps reduces your mechanical advantage minimally (from 23% of optimum to 14% in just the very very tip of the cutting) while increasing your edge-strength 3.5X ? (I think i did the math right)

Feed the apex what it needs to survive, to sustain itself. If you don't see damage at 67Rc at 10-dps after a few hits, does that mean you won't see damage after 100 hits? Each hit is unique, each has the potential to induce failure if you are riding so close to the threshold of structural integrity. If you build your knives with too thin of edge geometry, it may survive the test this time but not next time, or may fail in this way this time but a different way next time, it is becoming too hard to reasonably control the variables. When we build a structure, we calculate the expected loads and then overbuild to sustain the structure above and beyond what is expected.

Setting your apex geometry to 15/20micro should get rid of damage in the edge-bevel (micro-chips and rolls/ripples), if your observations hitherto may be relied upon. If you have a problem within the edge-bevel at that geometry, you know that something is wrong.
Then simply modify the BET for each blade as you have been doing - 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020 - to provide the required strength in the primary of the blade to prevent massive "moon-chips". An edge that dulls can be resharpened. But a primary that fractures = unusable blade. Your knives, regardless of HT, will dull with use, so just give them an apex that can reduce major failure (including crack-nucleation) and work instead on the HT that allows the thinnest primary for maximum efficiency.

I know you know all this. But I want you to simplify to get your R&D into production more quickly :)
 
Your highly analytical reasonings are well appreciated. I agree that geometry (volume) is cubic while ht improvement is more/less linear, so hold dpses fixed while varying BET is easier to correlate and track. My tests varied both variables to keep geometry as cubic for both lateral & perpendicular. Amplified forces to see differences over time, even though high variance in small samples set. Yeah, data does somewhat look like a tangle mess & cost a whole lot too :D

Posted & private data are triangulating/confirming my theories (call them conjectures if you like) on microstructure. Now, I am confidence that my macro+micro+nano hardness/strength assertion is accurate. Also observed 2nd & 3rd attributes (non-disclose) contributed to matrix coherence and its impact load. 4th is to delineate between toughness and ductility. 5th is mode of ductility can increase&decrease impact load and gross increase in working apex radius, especially when edge steering involved.

The half moon-chipped D2 is a clear example of macro hard (high dislocation) but micro&nano wimp. Steered & pileup/plastic-work-hardened doom it. This blade, even lowered to 60rc, it will get softer and will still be half-moon chippy. Maybe a 56rc sort of stabilize it - albeit a hefty wide working apex.

While my other 64rc, once lowered to 60-62rc it will be less strong but gained toughness. My projection is that they won't get degrade into undesirable ductility until sub 59rc. As I posted about homogeneous microstructure... this 56rc would far stronger & tougher than the half-moon ugly D2 cousin.

I think a user could easily tell the differences between(a working BET/dps near sub micron apex radius) 0.01"/10 vs 0.015/15 vs 0.02/20 vs 0.03+/20 for EDC and works.

My current test plan is primarily with D2. 4x 3.5" blades -> 2x 4-5" 64-65rc blades -> 2x 5-7" 63rc bowie .156" thick -> 1x 62-63rc JB .187" thick. LOL - took me about 2 yrs to see some daylight on a D2 chopper :p

After that applied new knowledge to ht low Cr steels (W2/52100/etc.) - make some test blades. As a bonus, hopefully resolve inconsistency microstructure for stock thicker than 0.140".

Launch BCMW.

Thank you. It confirms my guess that you're targetting certain attributes, and sometimes tested more than one with the 'seemed to be random' variables.
Launch BCMW it is :D.
 
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