Okay, I'll lay off the contrarian stuff now. I was just trying to help make sure Brian didn't get to the end of his money before he got to the end of the grinder build, or that he used all his money on the grinder build and found he had no way to plug it in (like someone recently found after buying a great HT oven).
Good luck on the build, brian. I hope it fulfills your needs.
I'm sorry Greg, I feel that I was rude. Just because I think I know what I'm talking about doesn't excuse that. You took the time to contribute quite a lot to this thread, from personal experience. Way to go. Please don't mind my grumpy ass.
Brian, nice to meet you. Yes, I mean the 10" wheel, luckily Tedinatl confirmed that it works on the multiplaten.
Good idea about walking into the motor rebuilders. Bring one of your knives! That really will open a door for you sometimes.
As far as three or single phase (I think you're trying to determine what service your shed has?) It's almost certain to be single phase. If there are any normal outlets in there, or ordinary appliances/machines that run in there, it's single. If the main power supply to the shed is two hot wires or two hots and a ground, it's single. If it's three hot wires or three hots and a ground, it's triple. If there is a subpanel, likely the power in to that will just be hot wires, with the subpanel grounded. For three phase, the breakers would be triple pole. If the power is just run out from your house, it's single. If it has a drop from power lines, you may want to look into it.
I like your idea of an adapter plate for the flange bearing. It would be much easier to retro fit a direct drive later. With the frame welded together, you'd have to torch the motor hole in.
For single speed, I'd say either a 6" drive wheel with 1725 or a 4" drive wheel with 3400. Personally I'd lean toward the slower side for single. Like, If you could only have one gear in your car, what would you pick? I'd say first or second. Slower is more versatile. Maybe what will determine this is what the motor guys have a good deal on. Remember, the shaft size has to be correct for your drive wheel or the wheel will need to be bored out. If their best deal is on a 2hp 3400 motor with a shaft the right size for a 4" drive wheel, I'd say go for it.
For variable, I use a 6" drive wheel and a 1725 motor. That means it's top speed is 2826, unless I adjust the maxim frequency output of the VFD above 60 Hz, which I have. My other variable grinder runs off the same VFD, but has a 1725 motor with a 10" original Square Wheel drive wheel. I only run that one on low VFD outputs, it's not ideal but work OK.
Others prefer a 3400 rpm motor for variable. Wayne Coe I believe says that quality 3400 motors have double the contact points and are more suitable for a grinder. I think he uses a 4" drive wheel, but I could be wrong and 6" would work anyway. He makes and sells grinders and ought to know, he's a nice guy and would probably give you some very good advice if you dropped him a line about it.
Contact wheels: I shape handles with an 8 and a 1.5 mostly. A 3/4 and a 1 are handy for small finger notches and guards. I have a 3 that doesn't get used much. If you want to do integrals maybe get a 5/8 or so. I hollow grind with a 12, would prefer a 14 or 16, but would use a 10 over my 8 for sure. Razors are about the only area I can think of where hollow grinding with smaller wheels is preferable.
Just my $.02.