I'm surprised that nobody has mentioned Nanook of the North. It's a silent black and white film from 1922--the first documentary feature length film ever made. A polar explorer named Robert Flaherty spent several years living with Inuits, and made a film documenting in some detail the various aspects of their lives: how they slept, sheltered, hunted, traveled, etc.--how they survived with very few and very basic tools in one of the harshest environments around.
More discussion of Nanook of the North is here:
http://www.swampratknifeworks.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=11;t=000073
More discussion of Nanook of the North is here:
http://www.swampratknifeworks.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=11;t=000073